Bone cancer-symptoms, causes, types, stages of progression, Diagnosis and treatment. Bone cancer is a type of cancer that attacks bone. This disease can be her by children up to adults.
Bone cancer is divided into two, namely primary and secondary bone cancer. Called primary bone cancer when the cancer appeared and developed directly in the bones.While secondary bone cancer is a cancer that originated in other parts of the body extends to the bone.
The whole bone in the body could be stricken by the disease, but most occur in the bones of the leg and arm.
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| Bone cancer-symptoms, causes, types, stages of progression, Diagnosis and treatment |
Here's some of the disease symptoms bone cancer, including:
- Pain. Someone affected by bone cancer will feel pain in the area of bone that was attacked. This pain usually increases gradually and worsens, especially when bone is moved or when the evening.
- The swelling. The area around the affected bone cancer will experience swelling and redness. Even if swelling occurs near a joint, then the joint will be hard-driven.
- A weakening of the bones. Bone cancer cause bones to become weak or brittle. Even if it is severe, a regular fall or injury can make a small bone broken.
- The body feels tired.
- Weight loss.
- Fever.
- Sweating, especially at night.
In adults, bone pain symptoms is sometimes misinterpreted as arthritis. In childrenand adolescents, it is sometimes misinterpreted as a side effect of bone growth. We recommend that you find a doctor if you or your child constantly feel the pain in the bones for more than three days.
Causes of bone cancer
The exact cause of bone cancer are unknown, but the condition is suspected due to changes or mutations in the DNA structure that controls cell growth so that these cells continue to grow out of control. Buildup of these cells then form a tumor that can invade nearby bone structure or even spread to other body parts.
Here are some factors that can increase the risk of someone allegedly affected by bone cancer.
- High radiation exposure from a treatment ever experienced by sufferers, such as radiotherapy.
- Ever have a history of a type of eye cancer called retinoblastoma when small.
- Rapid bone growth at puberty.
- Suffered from Paget's disease, a condition that can lead to weak bones.
- Umbilitikus hernia disease since birth.
Types of bone cancer
Based on a place cells cancer begins, there are three types of bone cancer are common, including:
- Osteosarcoma. Bone cancer is growing in the new network in growing bones. This type usually attack the femur and shank bones. Osteosarcoma can be anyone of her, but the most common are teenagers and people who are new to the adult age.
- Ewing's sarcoma. Bone cancer develops in immature nerve tissue in the bone marrow.This type usually attack the femur bone, shank, and pelvic bones. Ewing's sarcoma is more common of her teens rather than adults.
- Chondrosarcoma. Bone cancer develops in cartilage. Usually invade the pelvic bone,femur, ribs, shoulder blades, and the bones of the upper arm. Chondrosarcoma is usually her by people aged 30-60.
Developmental stages of bone cancer
There are four stages that determine the severity of a cancer of the bone, of which:
- Stage 1. New cancer at this stage about one part of the bone and has not spread to other parts.
- Stage 2. Almost the same as stage 1, but at this stage the cancer was still in one piece and has not spread. At this stage, the aggressiveness of the cancer has begun to look.
- Stage 3. At this stage the cancer has begun to spread to more than one area on the same bone.
- Stage 4. At this stage, the cancer that is eating away the bone has spread to other parts of the body, such as the lungs, liver, or brain.
The determination of the severity of bone cancer can be done through diagnosis. This is useful in helping the doctor to give a proper treatment.
Diagnosis of bone cancer
To find out whether a patient suffers from bone cancer, in addition to asking about the perceived symptoms, doctors need to do some tests. These test types which are:
- Blood tests. This test can determine the presence of cancer of the bone through the changes that occur in the blood. For example a rise in alkaline phosphatase enzyme levels due to other uses of blood test is to ensure that the patient is not suffering from other conditions, such as arthritis or arthritis can also cause symptoms such as pain in the bone cancer.
- Biopsy. Besides being able to detect the presence of cancer of the bone, this test can also determine the severity of the disease if there is. A biopsy is done by taking a little bit of bone samples from henceforth examined in the laboratory. This test is considered the most accurate way to diagnose bone cancer.
- Sinar-X. Through these tests could be known whether bone damage experienced bypatients caused by cancer or other conditions. In addition to the damage to the bone,bone growth that is not reasonable due to cancer can also be detected through x-ray scanning.
- Bone scanning. The test is done by injecting quantities of radioactive material into the venous vessels. These materials will be absorbed by the bone. Usually a problematic bone or abnormal faster absorption than do normal bone. Information reserved bonesobtained through the bone scan is usually more detailed than that obtained throughx-ray examination.
- An MRI scan. Through this method, the severity of the spread of cancer in the bones.Assisted with radio waves and magnetic fields, an MRI scan can generate images of bones in more detail.
- CT scan. This examination is conducted to find out whether the bone cancer has spread, for example, to the lungs. Scanning that uses a series of x-rays and computer-assisted is able to produce images of the body in detail in 3 dimensional form.
Bone cancer treatment
Treatment of bone cancer is very dependent on the severity of the cancer, the location of the cancer, and even the type of cancer itself. However, the handling of the primary bone cancer is usually done through surgery combined with other treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Several types of operations can be done to overcome bone cancer, including:
- Surgical removal of bone. This procedure is usually done if the cancer has not spread out of the bone. Part of the bone or joints that are infected with cancer will be appointed henceforth replaced with artificial joints or bones. Surgical removal is also still could be applied if the cancer only recently spread to tissues around the bone.
- Amputation. Amputation is usually done if the cancer is not successfully treated with surgical removal of bone or bone if the cancer has spread, for example leading to nerves, blood vessels, and skin.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment methods involve the grant of a number of drugs.On diseases of bone cancer, the drugs are infused into the blood vessels.
In the case of bone cancer, chemotherapy is usually performed before the operation with the aim of reducing cancer so no need for amputation, as well as done after surgery so that cancer does not reappear. In addition, chemotherapy can also be combined with radiotherapy for given to sufferers of Ewing's sarcoma or chemoradiation before undergoing surgery. If the bone cancer patients already can not be addressed again in any way, chemotherapy is usually given in order to slow down the symptoms.
The time execution of the chemotherapy is usually divided into several cycles, where each cycle consisting of a few days. The number of cycles required by bone cancervary, depending on the type and severity of her illness by them. Each cycle of chemotherapy are usually separated by a pause of a few weeks. The purpose of the giving of the pause time is so that the sufferer could recover from the effects of chemotherapy.
Some side effects of chemotherapy is hair loss, a sense of fatigue, thrush, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, as well as the weakening of the immune system. These side effects usually disappear after chemotherapy treatment is over.
Radiotherapy
Method of radiotherapy is done using a steady stream of radiation to destroy cancer cells. In the case of bone cancer, radiotherapy can be used before or after surgery. This method can also be done to slow the symptoms of bone cancer in sufferers who can no longer be treated in any way.
Radiotherapy is usually carried out as many as five sessions a week and a single session usually lasts about 15 minutes.
The same as chemotherapy, radiotherapy also have side effects. Some of them aretired, hair loss, joint aches, nausea, irritation and redness on the skin. Generally these side effects will disappear after the treatment of radiotherapy ended.
Odds of recovering cancer patients bone
Bone cancer that has not spread to other organs or who is still localized, more manageable than bone cancer that has already spread or metastasize. It is thesefactors that will affect the chances of survivors to heal.
According to the study, a person who suffered from undiagnosed localized osteosarcoma is estimated to still have a chance of life by 60 percent for at least the next 5 years, compared to those who suffer from undiagnosed osteosarcoma metastasis that is only a 10 percent chance.
As for the cases of cancer of bone sarcoma Ewing's who have undiagnosed, localized condition sufferers is estimated to still have a chance of life of 70 percent for at least the next 5 years compared to sufferers of the condition of metastases that have only a 30 percent chance. The same way as a localized osteosarcoma, sarcoma Ewing's sufferers is largely localized also managed to recover from his illness.
In addition to the level of deployment, how severe the cancer cell network can also impact on the sufferer a chance to heal. According to the study, the ratio of bone cancer sufferers live odds chondro sarcoma stadium low with sufferers of high stadium for at least the next 5 years is 80 per cent of appeals 30 percent.
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