Causes And Treatment Of Tetanus. Tetanus is an infection that is classified as serious and caused by Clostridium bacteria and symptoms. The bacteria is commonly found in soil, dust, and animal and human excrement. Tetanus bacteria often get into the body through open wounds resulting from injury or burns. If successful, the bacteria entering the body tetanus will breed and drop neurotoxin, namely toxins that attack the nervous system.
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| Causes And Treatment Of Tetanus |
Causes Of Tetanus
Tetanus is an infection that is classified as serious and caused by Clostridium bacteriaand symptoms. The bacteria is commonly found in soil, dust, dirt and animal man,rusty iron, wire spines, as well as the tip of the needle that is not sterile.
Tetanus can strike people who are piercing or menato his body with tools that sterile status in doubt. Tetanus is also often attacked drug users who use injection tools that are not sterile. Burns, cuts, surgery scars and wounds the animal bites can also be the cause of the tetanus bacteria entrance.
If successfully enters the human body through a wound, tetanus bacteria will multiply and drop neurotoxin (a poison that attacks the nervous system performance) called tetanos pasmin. The following conditions make tetanus bacteria more easily cause infections on the body:
- Do not receive vaccinations or process incomplete tetanus vaccinations.
- The presence of swelling around the wound.
- The presence of foreign matter on wounds, such as wood splinters or sharp iron.
- There are other bacteria that are currently active in the body.
Duration since someone exposed to tetanus bacteria appear symptoms generally takes between 1-3 weeks. The symptoms of tetanus are:
- Spasm and stiffness of muscles, especially in the jaw so hard to open the mouth.
- If muscle spasms spread to the neck, can experience a person with difficulty swallowing.
- The muscles around a rigid abdomen.
- Painful spasms throughout the body and lasts for a few minutes. This symptom is usually triggered by the little things, such as a loud voice, touch and light.
- Fever and sweating.
- Blood pressure goes up.
- A fast heart rate.
Tetanus infection impact on muscle will take approximately 1-3 days to spread from the jaw to the hands and feet.
Treatment Of Tetanus
At an early stage, the doctor will usually perform a physical examination while asking the health history, vaccinations are never accepted as well as symptoms experienced by people with. Someone allegedly strong suffered tetanus if he has a wound and had symptoms of stiffness and muscle spasms. But doctors will use the spatula test to verify it. In this test, the doctor will insert a spatula (sort of a spoon) to people with throat gag reflex for fishing or gag reflex. People with tetanus infections would react with bite his throat muscles because spatula experiencing seizures.
The status of the person with vaccination steps will determine the treatment given by doctors. If the patient has not been vaccinated tetanus, doctors will recommend treatment at the hospital. Handling is typically use a combination of drugs, including:
- Tranquilizers or sedatives.
- A muscle relaxant or pelemas muscles. The drug is commonly used when the sedativedosage should be reduced.
- Remedy inhibitor neuromuscular (NBA). This medication works by blocking nervesignals from the brain to the muscles. With the complete muscle paralysis or trigger while, these drugs can help people with who are having severe muscle spasms. Vecuronium neuromuscular inhibitor drugs are frequently used.
- Imunoglobulin tetanus (antitoxin). These drugs can prevent the spread of the neurotoxin in the body.
- Antibiotics. Antibiotics such as penicillin is also given to wipe out the bacteria and prevent the spread of neurotoxin.
Respiratory AIDS or ventilator may also be required if tetanus or NBA drug impact on the respiratory muscles.
In addition to administering medications, surgery may be an option to treat tetanus ifwounds infected patients. This procedure is necessary to cleanse the wound by lifting foreign bodies (eg, iron-sharp) and die so that the bacterial tetanus can disappear.
Caloric intake, especially protein, also need to be upgraded to double that to speed upthe process of wound healing. This step can be done by increasing consumption of meat duck or chicken breast, lean beef and egg whites.
Precautions Tetanus
The main steps to prevent tetanus is vaccination. In Indonesia, including the tetanus vaccine is one of the five mandatory immunization for children. Tetanus immunization is given as part of the DPT vaccine (Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus). This should be given the vaccination process in five stages, i.e. at the age of 2, 4, 6, 18 months, and 4-6 years.
For children aged over 7 years, the Td vaccine is available that serves also provides protection against tetanus diphtheria at once. Td vaccination process needs to berepeated every 10 years to maintain body immunity against tetanus and diphtheria.
In addition to the prevention of tetanus vaccine, can also be done by always keep clean the wound from being infected and a speedy recovery. Granting imunoglobulin tetanus is also usually recommended by doctors to prevent the occurrence of infections of tetanus in the wound.
The Risk Of Complications, Tetanus
A tetanus infection is not immediately addressed can lead to fatal complications and especially for those who were not vaccinated previously. Some of the serious complications that can be experienced by people with are:
- Aspiration pneumonia. This complication occurs because a problem is difficult to swallow that causes saliva flows get into the lungs. This disease can be treated with antibiotics.
- Pulmonary Emboli. This serious complications occur when there is a blockage in the blood vessels of the lungs. Blood thinning medications require handling andadministering oxygen.
- Acute kidney failure. This complication can arise if muscle spasm resulting in rhabdomyolysis or damage to muscle tissue so that the muscles release proteins Myoglobin which flows into the kidneys. In the kidneys, Myoglobin can cause decreased kidney function.
- Heart suddenly stopped. The complications that resulted in the death of this generally occurs in people with tetanus to the severity is high. This complication is the highest cause of death among sufferers of tetanus.
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