Symptoms, Causes And Diagnosis Of Cardiovascular Disease. The heart is one of the most important organs in the body. The organs of this fist-sized functioning pumping and spreading blood containing oxygen throughout the body.
Coronary heart disease is also known by the term ischemic heart disease is one of the highest causes of death in Indonesia. About 35 percent of deaths in Indonesia were caused by heart disease. According to the World Heart Federation, the rate of death from coronary heart disease in Southeast Asia reached 1.8 million cases in 2014.
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| Symptoms, Causes And Diagnosis Of Cardiovascular Disease |
Symptoms Of Heart Disease
Coronary heart disease is divided into two types which are categorized based on the level of blockage of blood flow to the heart.
Angina
This condition is also known by the term wind sitting in Indonesia. Angina is chest pain that occurs due to a reduced blood supply to the heart muscle due to constriction of the blood vessels. A person who suffers from angina of higher risk for having a heart attack than those who do not suffer from angina.
This attack usually lasts a few minutes and is triggered by physical activity or stress.Any type of pain. Nothing feels spread around the chest, heavy like the littlest toe, or tightness. In addition to chest pain, a person can also feel shortness of breath, nausea, fatigue, dizziness and agitation when angina strikes.
Angina can be grouped into two types, namely stable angina and unstable angina.
Stable angina is a type of attack of angina occurs when the heart is claimed to work harder, for example when performing strenuous activity. These attacks can be addressed with medication and rest. Stable angina attacks aren't life-threatening, but should remain wary.
While unstable angina is angina attack that strikes suddenly and without obvious reason. These attacks can take place even if the sufferer is being relaxed or resting and not always be treated with the drug.
Unstable angina attack requiring emergency medical handling because it indicates that the sufferers experiencing cardiac function declining drastically. If after the second chest angina medication doses still feels pain, immediately go to the nearest hospital.
Heart Attack
A heart attack occurs when blood flow to the heart are blocked completely. Its main cause is the occurrence of thrombosis or blood clots. Medical handling in minutes is required because this attack can damage the heart muscle permanently.
Some of the symptoms of a heart attack is severe chest pain, difficulty breathing,weakness, dizziness, feeling and panic. Chest pain that can also spread to the neck to jaw, to the left arm, and down the back.
But keep in mind that not all heart attack sufferers experience severe chest pain. An indication of a heart attack is not determined by the severity of chest pains, but rather a combination of perceived symptoms.
Heart diseases are left untreated will culminate in deadly complications. When it did not receive the blood supply to too weak to pump blood, the heart will decrease performance. This condition is called heart failure. This complication can occur suddenly or gradually. The presence of heart failure, the condition of other organs such as the kidneys and lungs will also be affected.
The Causes Of Heart Disease
The major cause of coronary heart disease is the stockpiling of fat in the arteries or atherosclerosis. In addition to reducing the blood supply to the heart, atherosclerosis can also trigger the formation of thrombosis or clotting of the blood. Blood clotting is blocking the blood supply to the heart. So, people who suffer from angina, more vulnerable had a heart attack.
There are several factors that can increase the risk of heart disease, namely:
Smoking Habit
Smokers have a higher risk for severe heart disease. Carbon monoxide in cigarette smoke and nicotine content in cigarettes can increase the risk of the emergence of blood clots as well as spur the heart to work faster so will the more burdensome the heart. Other chemical compounds from cigarette smoke can also damage the heart artery walls that will trigger the occurrence of constriction. Smokers have a risk of 20-25 percent higher to suffer from heart disease than those who don't smoke at all.
Life is bad
The risk of heart disease may also increase due to unhealthy life pattern. For example,less exercise, often consuming fatty foods, and rarely eat fruits and vegetables.
High cholesterol levels
Cholesterol is divided into two types, namely the good cholesterol (HDL) and bad cholesterol (LDL). Bad cholesterol to clot easily and stick to the walls of blood vessels.Therefore, high LDL levels can form plaque that causes atherosclerosis. Normal levels of LDL in the blood is below 100 mg/dL.
Hypertension
You will be deemed to have hypertension or high blood pressure if your blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg. High blood pressure means the heart work harder so that the heart and blood vessels will be more burdened. One of the trigger factors of hypertension is the consumption of foods with high levels of salt.
Diabetes Disease
Diabetes can cause a thickening of the wall of blood vessels so that potentially impedeblood flow. Therefore, people with diabetes have a higher risk for severe heart disease.
Excess Weight
People who are overweight or obese are potentially suffered from high blood pressure, tend to have higher cholesterol levels, as well as higher risk exposed to type 2 diabetes. Because of that, they also have a higher risk for severe heart disease. In addition, to meet the needs of the body with a high weight, the heart must work harder than if the body ideal body weight.
Age Factor
The more old age person, the higher the risk for severe heart disease.
Gender
Compared to women, men have a higher risk for severe heart disease. But keep in mind that the risk of heart disease in women will be higher after experiencing menopause.
Family Health History
If you have a nuclear family as father, mother, sister, or brother who suffered from heart disease, your risk for exposed heart disease will be higher than people who do not have a history of heart disease in his family.
Diagnosis Of Heart Disease
As a first step the diagnosis, the doctor will usually inquire about symptoms, patterns of life, family health history, as well as checking your cholesterol levels. If the doctor suspects You have heart disease, there are a few steps you will undertake the checks to confirm the diagnosis.
Examination Of The Electrocardiogram (ECG)
The electrical activity of the heart muscle can be checked through the electrocardiogram (ECG). But this inspection alone is not enough to determine whether you have heart disease or not. Abnormal EKG results could indicate that the heart muscle is not receiving enough oxygen.
In addition to the position of sleep, ECG examination there is also performed when the patient's heart is triggered by running the above tread mil. This test is called a testexercise stress test or treadmil. This inspection is important to detect the symptoms of angina.
Examination Of An Echocardiogram
A similar examination with ULTRASOUND is used to look at the structure, motion and thickness of each of the heart rate up to form an image of the heart in detail. This test also checks the performance level of the heart.
Examination Of Cardiac Enzymes
This examination is done through a blood test. The existence of an enzyme in the blood of the heart can indicate the presence of damage to the heart muscle.
Coronary angiography or cardiac catheterization
This examination is performed with the application of local anesthetic. Cardiac catheterization procedures include:
- Inserting a catheter to the heart through the arteries to the legs or groin.
- Injecting ink into the arteries of the heart through a catheter.
The purpose of the procedure of coronary angiography is to examine the existence and severity of narrowing in the blood vessels of the heart and to check the pressure in the Chambers of the heart.
CT and MRI scans
Both this examination can also be done to evaluate the heart.
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