TIA (Transient Ischaemic Attack)-symptoms, causes, risk factors, Diagnosis, treatment and prevention. Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or stroke lightly is an attack that occurs when blood supply to the brain suffered a momentary disruption. This attack generally lasts shorter than the stroke, that for a few minutes to a few hours, and sufferers will recover within one day.
Though only for a moment, TIA is a warning of an attack are more severe. Never experienced a TIA means you have a higher risk for stroke and heart attack.
If not handled correctly, it is estimated there are about 20 percent of people with TIA who'd had a stroke the following year. While people with TIA who potentially had a heart attack in the same year was about 30 percent.
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TIA (Transient Ischaemic Attack)-symptoms, causes, risk factors, Diagnosis, treatment and prevention |
TIA symptoms
Symptoms that indicate a TIA generally occur suddenly and are similar to the early indications experienced by people with stroke. The symptoms of this attack include:
- One side of the mouth and face of the sufferer looks down.
- Arm or leg which suffered paralysis or become weak so it could not be appointed, followed the paralysis on one side of the body.
- How to talk to a chaotic and unclear.
- Trouble understanding other people's words.
- Loss of balance or coordination body.
- Dizzy.
- Daze.
- Difficulty swallowing.
- A vague or blindness.
Do not regard lightly the symptoms of TIA even though these symptoms can disappear by itself. This attack indicates that you have had a stroke risk at a later stage.
Immediately to the hospital if you experience or see other people showed symptoms of TIA. Anyone who has ever suffered a mild stroke, but haven't checked yourself also recommended to immediately undergo an examination in the hospital.
The cause behind the TIA
TIA is generally caused by the presence of small-sized lumps that are stuck in the blood vessels of the brain. This can be either a fat clots or air bubbles.
The blockage will inhibit the blood flow and lack of oxygen triggers on certain parts of the brain. This is what causes the disruption of brain function.
In contrast to stroke, TIA cause clots will be crushed by itself so that brain function will return to normal. Therefore, TIA does not cause significant damage.
TIA Risk factors
There are several factors that can increase Your risk are believed to experience a TIA,among which are:
- Age. TIA risk will increase as you get older, especially for elderly people above 60 years old.
- Gender. Men's risk for experiencing a TIA is higher than women.
- Hereditary factors. If any member of your family ever experienced a TIA, you have a higher risk for the same attack.
- The pattern of life that is bad. Such as smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, eating fatty and salty foods, as well as using illegal drugs. The pattern of life that is not awake can also trigger factors to the risk of disease, obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol.
- The influence of a specific disease or disorder. The risk of TIA on people with cardiac abnormalities, heart failure, heart infections, abnormal heartbeat, and diabetes will be higher than normal people.
The Process Of Diagnosis Of TIA
Examination and diagnosis of TIA should be done as early as possible. This process will help the doctor to lower your risk for a more severe attack later in the day.
Duration of attack TIA tends to be short so that generally people with recently had undergone an examination after the symptoms subside. The doctor will ask the symptoms and duration of the attack who ever you experience first. A physical examination will also undertake, such as checking Your blood pressure.
If suspect you are experiencing a TIA, the doctor will recommend a series of checks and tests that are more detailed. This process includes:
- Examination of Neurology, such as the ability of coordination and response body.
- Blood tests. This test allows the doctor to examine the risk factors behind TIA, such as cholesterol levels and sugar in the blood.
- Carotid ULTRASOUND. This type of ULTRASOUND is used to check or no constriction or blockage in the carotid artery in the neck piece.
- Examination Of The Electrocardiogram (ECG). This test can detect abnormal heartrhythms that became one of the risk factors of TIA.
- MRI and CT scans for brain. This step is if the layout of the TIA in the brain is unknown.
These kinds of checks are also useful to find the cause behind the attack TIA you experienced, as well as examine stroke risk level you have.
TIA'S treatment and prevention measures
Each sufferer TIA certainly requires a different kind of handling. The doctor will determine the appropriate treatment based on several factors, including age, health condition, as well as the cause of the TIA.
The handling of the TIA aims to treat or correct the abnormalities, and prevent the risk of stroke. This step is done through drugs and surgery.
Drugs used to prevent the risk of stroke. The location, cause, severity, and type of the TIA will be the deciding factor in choosing the type of drug. Here are some types of drugs commonly given by a doctor.
- Antiplatelet and anticoagulant. Both of these drugs prevent clotting and blood clotting. Aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole and is an example of anti platelet. While the drugs include warfarin anticoagulant, dabigatran, and heparin.
- Antihipertensi. As the name implies, this medication is used to treat hypertension. An example is beta-blockers, angiotensin converter enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitors), as well as calcium channel inhibitor (calcium channel blockers).
- Statins. The benefits of Statins is to lower cholesterol levels in the body. Some types of Statins are often given doctor is a simvastatin, rosuvastatin, and atorvastatin.
In some cases, surgery is sometimes required by the patient. This step is performed when there is a narrowing or clotting middle level up to the level of severe carotidartery in. The type of procedure which may be recommended is endarterektomi and Carotid Angioplasty.
In addition to drugs and surgery, lifestyle changes will also played an important role in the treatment process. This way it can lower the risk of heart attack and stroke for people with TIA, as well as prevent attacks TIA again.
Prevention is very beneficial for everyone, especially those who have a higher risk. A few simple steps you can take include:
- Implement a healthy diet and balanced.Limit the intake of salt and fat and increase the consumption of foods rich in fiber, such as fruits and vegetables fresh.
- Diligent exercise. You are encouraged to do physical activity which is quite draining, at least 2.5 hours a week.
- Stop smoking and reduce the consumption of liquor. Both of these measures will not only lower the risk of TIA and stroke, but also other diseases.
- Maintain a healthy weight. This step will prevent you from obesity that became the trigger factor of TIA.
- Handle conditions that might cause TIA carefully, such as hypertension, high cholesterol, and diabetes.
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