Chikungunya - Symptoms, Causes And Cure. Chikungunya is a virus that attacks the humans through the bites of mosquitoes Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus. This acts as an intermediary of mosquitoes or the vector organisms that carry chikungunya virus in his body without being infected. Both are the same type of mosquito which causes dengue fever.
Causes and symptoms of a similar disease chikungunya often mistakenly diagnosed as a disease of dengue fever.
 |
| Chikungunya - Symptoms, Causes And Cure |
Chikungunya usually occur in areas that experience high rainfall. Cases of chikungunya have been identified in approximately 40 countries most of which are in Asia and Southeast Asia, West and East Africa, as well as around the Indian Ocean.
People with Chikungunya in Indonesia
In Indonesia alone, the first recorded epidemic of chikungunya in 1973 in Samarinda, then in 1982 in Jambi and Yogyakarta in 1983. Chikungunya outbreak events were categorized as Exceptional Events (of the OUTBREAK.
After roughly no significant numbers of cases for 20 years afterwards, in the period 2001-2002 chikungunya epidemic again with the higher number of cases. In 2001 reported cases occurred in North Sumatra, South Sumatra, Bangka, West Java, Central Java and North Sulawesi. These events make chikungunya is estimated to be identified as a disease re-emerging (i.e., disease epidemic ever, then waned, and epidemic back in the given period) and the type of virus that has mutated after 20 years.
According to the Health profile of Indonesia 2011 from Ministry of health, population density in Indonesia led to a lot of places that can be a means mosquitoes breed. Low immune surrounding communities make this disease continues to grow especially in the rainy season.
However, in 2011 the Department of health noted the number of cases of chikungunya cases declining 2.998 as much compared to previous years. Many of these cases occurred in several places here: DKI Jakarta, West Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, Aceh, West Sumatra, Lampung, Banten, Bali, Sulawesi Tenggara, Gorontalo and West.
In 2010, recorded 10 cases of travellers identified Australia contracted chikungunya after travel to Bali.
In conclusion, chikungunya can be classified as a rare disease but should be wary because of potentially claimed the lives of its victims.
The Main Cause: Mosquito Bites
Chikungunya virus could not spread directly from one person to another. The diseaseis caused by a virus that spread through the bite of the mosquito Aedes aegypti or Aedes albopictus. Chikungunya virus belongs to the Group of alfavirus gene of the Togaviridae family are found mostly in tropical countries.
Generally these mosquitoes attacked in daylight. But bites can also occur during early morning and late evening. You are more susceptible to developing while living outside the home, although the mosquitoes Aedes aegypti also can attack indoors.
The Main Symptoms As Fever
After a mosquito carrying the virus be bitten, symptoms will begin to be felt in 3 to 12 days after wards. Initial symptoms resemble flu symptoms.
- – Fever begins suddenly; one of the main symptoms of chikungunya
- Muscle pain- the ailment could be to deprive sufferers to move as usual; These symptoms can last for weeks and are the main symptoms of chikungunya
- Arthritis, occurs in 80% of cases
- Chills
- Unbearable headaches
- A rash or red spots all over body
- Fatigue
- Nausea and vomiting
The above symptoms may be subsiding after 3-5 days, but joint pain usually will still be felt until a couple of months, even years.
In a very few cases occur, arising complications due to chikungunya such as disorders of the nerves, eyes, heart, and gastrointestinal tract. Especially on the aged, the disease can result in death.
Tests to diagnose Chikungunya
Blood samples should preferably be taken belongs to the people in the first week after the symptoms began to felt. The sample is then tested by serology and Virology tests(RT-PCR) in the laboratory. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) will confirm the presence of antibodies that indicate infection chikungunya.
On the third week to fifth after symptoms start, it feels kind of IgM antibody will be in the highest levels and will remain the same up to two months. When on the first examination is negative, the test should be repeated to confirm whether the disease existed.
How The Handling Of Chikungunya
There is no specific treatment to cure chikungunya. Medication pain reliever and anti-inflammatory are only aimed at relieving symptoms. Include lowering fever and analgesic to relieve muscle pain and other pain. In some patients with deficient fluid for example due to loss of appetite and lazy to drink fluids, oral rehydration therapy or intravenous can be given to prevent dehydration.
Prevent Mosquito Bites Cause Chikungunya
There is no vaccine that can prevent someone infected with chikungunya, but prevention is done focusing on reducing the habitat where mosquitos breed, such as:
- The shelter everyday for the purposes of water: water tank, Crock, bathtub, bucket
- The water reservoir is not for everyday purposes: flower vase, waste water refrigerators or air conditioning, tin cans, pet drinking place
- Natural water reservoir: a hole of a tree, stem of leaves, coconut shell
Note the following points to prevent the breeding of mosquitoes around the home:
- Kuras bathtubs and water on a regular basis
- Close meeting places of water after use
- Place the container-the container that is being unused in position-down
- Sprinkle powder abate to kill mosquito larva Larva in places of difficult water drained.Repeat 2-3 months.
- Measure the use of powdered abate: 1 gram or abate powder 1 tablespoon for 10 liters of water
- Get rid of unused items that could be mosquitos nests, especially those that are outside the home and can hold rain water
- Clean vases, aquariums and drinking places the pet on a regular basis at least once a week
- Make sure the septic tanks remains closed and is not leaking
- Make sure your home's roof gutter does not accommodate puddle
- Install anti-mosquito gauze in the window
- Avoid hanging clothes in the open
The following are the recommended things to avoid mosquito bites of Aedes aegyptior Aedes albopictus:
- Use the closed clothes or lotion anti-mosquito if were in areas with a potential for a lot of mosquitoes, such as in the garden or the traditional market
- We recommend that you wear clothes with bright colors. Mosquitoes are more reluctant to stick on this color.
- Use sprayers or electric mosquito-repellent in the evening. However, avoid drug spray if there are infants or the elderly. In the long run, use insect repellent is different.Mosquitoes eventually would become immune to one type of medication the spray
- Minimize odor stung like perfume or hairspray. This smell can attract mosquitoes for resting
- Place the lavender plants that naturally make the mosquito was reluctant to stay in the room
- Fogging/fogging to kill mosquitoes generally done especially if chikungunya or dengue fever epidemic in a region already. Make sure the fogging is done at home or your workplace is already running with the proper procedures in accordance with the life cycle of mosquitoes.
Posting Komentar