Coma – Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment. A coma is a medical emergency situation when the sufferer is experiencing a State of unconscious within a certain period. Unconsciousness was caused by decreased activity in the brain triggered by certain conditions.
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| Coma – Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment |
In addition to not being aware of the circumstances around them, people who suffered a coma generally also can not hear the voice or respond to pain. Most whoexperience it there that looks like sleep, but some there are whose eyes open, or evensound like sound. But of course they are not aware of these movements.
The level of awareness of sufferers comma depending on how big a part of the brainthat are still functioning, and this circumstance usually change over time. When fadeaware, who originally could not feel the pain will begin to feel the pain, then began to realize the State around, and finally was able to communicate. But the chances ofrecovering from a coma will very depending on the cause of the coma itself.
The cause of the coma
The following are some of the conditions that can lead to coma, among them:
- Stroke.
- Injuries on the head.
- Diabetes.
- Infection of the brain, such as meningitis and encephalitis.
- Poisoning, for example due to carbon monoxide.
- An overdose of alcohol or drugs.
- A lack of oxygen.
- Seizures.
- Tumors in the brain.
Diagnosis of coma
The doctor will do a physical examination as a first step to diagnose a comma, for example:
- Check the size of the pupil of the eye.
- Checking reflexes and movements, such as movement in the eye or voices that may be issued by the sufferer.
- Check the presence of signs of injury to the head.
- Check out the patterns of breath sufferers.
- Check the reaction to pain sufferers.
Before further examination to find out the cause of the coma, the doctor will usually ask for information on family, friends, or people nearby from sufferers who know its condition before experiencing the comma. Some of the things it asked physicians include:
- The patient's medical history, such as whether he had suffered from a stroke.
- Signs of losing consciousness that looks and how sufferers lose consciousness, such as whether gradually or suddenly.
- Symptoms before sufferers experience a comma, such as headaches, seizures or vomiting.
- The use of drugs before the comma.
- Comma before experiencing the sufferer's behavior.
To further ensure the causes of coma at once helps the doctor to find the right treatment, more detailed examination may be necessary, for example:
- Examination of blood. Through this inspection, things like the levels of thyroid hormones, glucose, and electrolytes the patient will be examined. The goal is to trigger the presence of commas, for example an overdose of alcohol or drugs, carbon dioxide poisoning, and disorders of the liver organ.
- Electroencephalography or EEG. The examination is done by means of measuring electrical activity in the brain it aims to find out if the coma triggered by seizures.
- An MRI scan and CT scan. Through this scan, the image of the condition of the brain can be seen clearly by the doctor, both the structure of the brain and brain stem. Here the doctor can see whether the comma is caused by tumors, strokes, or bleeding in the brain. The scan CT scan helped with a series of x-rays, an MRI scan while using a strong magnet and radio waves.
- Pungsi lumbar. The purpose of this examination is to find out the presence of infection in the nervous system.
The level of coma
The level of consciousness of people who experience a comma can be determined through a device called the Glasgow coma scale. There are three things that are measured in this scale. Every thing has a bullet points that will be added. The results of this sum was then used to determine a person's level of awareness while experiencing a comma.
The first thing is the verbal response against orders. 0 points in this category mean that patients are not responding. 5 points as the highest points mean that the patient is conscious and able to talk.
The second thing is opening the eyes. In this category, points 0 means the patient does not respond. 4 points as the highest mean that patients can open eyes spontaneously.
The third thing is the response of the movement against orders. Here. 0 points is defined as the absence of a response. 6 points as the highest mean patients dutifully against orders.
The higher the total value collected from all three of those categories, then the more little brain function is impaired. Conversely, the lower the total value derived, then more and more parts of the brain that suffered damage and the more severe coma.Doctors who deal with patients with coma will add up the value of the Glasgow coma scale.
Treatment of coma
Treatment depends on the cause of coma coma itself. For example, the doctor will give the governing drug seizures if coma caused by seizures. Or doctor will give you antibiotics if commas occur due to infection in the brain. If needed, supporting tools, such as the tool of breath or blood transfusions will be paired in people with commas.
The conclusion is the treatment of a comma can be done in a proper diagnosis if the results obtained are also accurate. So any chance aware of sufferers will depend on the results of the treatment itself and the length of the time period.
For example, a coma caused by injuries in his head and an overdose of drugs have a higher chance of recovering compared with coma due to lack of oxygen. But if a head injury experienced by sufferers of severe enough to damage the brain, it is not impossible it will be difficult for sufferers aware or having a disability when he or she was aware.
Exact time someone to wake from a coma cannot be predicted by the doctor. But the longer a coma,then the chances for conscious patients generally will be more thin, especially if the coma lasted more than a year.
Recovering from coma
Return to the consciousness of people who experience a comma usually does not occur suddenly, but rather gradually. There are some sufferers can be recovered from a coma without experiencing the slightest defect. Others wake up, but with her body or brain function decline, even paralysis.
In the case of sufferers who experience disabilities after commas, usually must be tackled further by the wide variety of therapy by experts, such as physiotherapy,occupational therapy, and psychotherapy.
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