Symptoms, Causes And Diagnosis Of Heart Attack. Heart attacks, medically called a myocardial infarction, is a condition in which the blood supply to the heart leading to stunted. This is an emergency medical condition that is usually caused by blood clotting or buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other elements. Impaired blood flow to the heart it can damage or destroy the heart muscle and can be fatal.
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| Symptoms, Causes And Diagnosis Of Heart Attack |
Symptoms Of Heart Attack
A heart attack is an emergency medical condition that should be addressed as soon as possible. Immediately headed to the nearest hospital if you or someone suspected of having a heart attack. Heart attack symptoms that can occur are:
- Shortness of breath.
- Pain in the chest. Chest feels depressed, narrow, and squeezed in the middle. The pain is usually very severe, but there are some people who only feel mild pain. Sometimes in women, the elderly, and people with diabetes do not feel sick at all.
- Pain in other body parts. Starting from the arm to the left, particularly the jaw, neck, back, and stomach as well.
- Feel nausea, indigestion occurs, and abdominal pain.
- Feel weak and Dizzy easily.
- Agitated or anxious.
- Cough.
- Sweating.
All the symptoms mentioned above are not necessarily experienced by sufferers of all heart attacks. There are even some people who do not experience symptoms at all and some more experience-stop the heart. But the more symptoms you feel, chances are you will be having a heart attack increases.
Usually before having a heart attack will appear some of the early signs and symptoms of a heart attack, although they can also appear unexpectedly. The initial symptoms are usually a pain in the chest or angina. The condition is triggered by fatigue while working and better with rest. Angina occurs due to its own blood supply leading to the heart is reduced.
Angina symptoms similar to a heart attack, but will disappear after a while. Recognise difference attack of angina and heart attack.
Angina usually can be controlled with drugs. The doctor will prescribe the drug for consumption when the symptoms increased. If the condition does not improve after the first dose is given, take the second dose at five minutes afterwards. If necessary, a third dose of drinking five minutes after the second dose. But if after the third dose still can't relieve the symptoms appear, immediately to a nearby hospital.
If you feel yourself or someone you know are experiencing heart attack symptoms, we recommend that you immediately to a nearby hospital to seek medical help. If this is not the case of a heart attack, it is better to ensure Your health condition than late receive help.
Other symptoms that appear due to a heart attack
Stop the heart can occur due to complications from a heart attack. Stop the heart occurs when the heart undergoes a spasm that eventually lead to stop ticking. Some of the symptoms that appear in people with non-stop heart patient is not moving, not breathing, and did not react when communicate or react to touch.
In the event of stopping the heart in a patient, the first aid that can be done is to do cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) or cardiac pulmonary resuscitation (CPR).
How to perform CPR is to put the heel of your hand on the breastbone just right in the middle of the chest. Place the other hand on top and hook the fingers of both hands.Use your body weight to compress the chest as deep as 5-6 cm. Repeat this technique until the ambulance arrived on the scene.
The Cause Of The Heart Attack
Heart attacks happen because the blood supply to the heart is interrupted. The heartneeds a constant supply of blood containing oxygen, as well as with other organs and tissues in the body. If the heart does not get enough blood supply, the muscles of the heart would be broken and can finally die.
The heart muscle can be damaged which cannot be recovered if not immediatelytreated. The heart will stop beating if damage occurs on most of the heart, this isknown as the stopping of the heart. In the end, this condition will cause death.
The main conditions that often lead to a heart attack is coronary heart disease. This is a condition in which the coronary vessels clogged by the buildup of cholesterol(plaque). Seteah some time, plaque will have a rift. As a result, blood clotting to occur at plaques that cracked it. The flow of blood supply through the coronary vessels toward the heart will be hindered by this clumping and finally lead to a heart attack.
In addition to coronary heart disease, here is another cause for heart attacks:
- The abuse of drugs. Nerve stimulant drugs such as cocaine, amphetamine (shabu) and methamphetamine (Ecstasy) can cause constriction of the coronary vessels, inhibit theblood supply, and triggered a heart attack. A heart attack happens on cocaine users become the leading cause of death at a young age.
- The aneurysm. It is a condition when there is a weakness in the wall of blood vessels.The weakened blood vessel walls eventually will not be able to withstand the pressure of the blood flowing through it. As a result the blood vessels will go through the rift. Ifan aneurysm occurs in the coronary vessels, then the blood flow stops and the heart attack occurred.
- Hypoxia or oxygen deficiency in the blood. Oxygen levels in the blood can bedecreased due to toxicity or pulmonary function karbonmonoksida. As a result, a body attached to the blood that does not contain oxygen and eventually triggered a heart attack.
Risk Factors
There are several risk factors that contribute to the cause of occurrence of hoarding fat and finally narrow the blood vessels. Some of the factors mentioned below can be handled or removed to avoid the onset of a heart attack.
- Age and gender. Grew a person's age, likely to suffer from coronary heart disease has also increased. Men are more likely to be stricken with coronary heart disease than women.
- Smoking. Karbonmonoksida and nicotine in cigarettes could increase pressure on the heart by making the heart work more quickly. Smoking can also cause the onset of blood clotting. Chemicals in cigarettes can damage the lining of the coronary vessels.People who smoke are at risk 24 percent higher to experience heart disease.
- Liquor. Consuming alcoholic beverages in excess can cause hypertension and cholesterol levels increase. As a result the risk of developing coronary heart disease also increases. People who like to consume liquor tend to live a lifestyle that is worse, for example smoke, eat fatty foods, and lack of exercise.
- Food. Foods that contain a lot of saturated fat increase cholesterol levels in the blood.In addition, the risk of coronary heart disease and heart attacks will also increase. To lower your cholesterol levels, you can change your diet and consuming drugs statins.
- Diabetes. In type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, uncontrolled glucose levels in the blood are high damage coronary vessel walls. Diabetics more susceptible exposed to coronary heart disease.
- Hypertension or high blood pressure. Coronary vessel will become weak if hypertension is not handled.
- Obesity or being overweight. This condition does not directly increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease or a heart attack. But this condition can be a trigger for the emergence of other risk factors. People with more weight tend to experience hypertension, eating fatty foods, and affected risk of diabetes.
- Sport. Less exercise can result in obesity and hypertension.
- Family health history. If there are close family members, especially parents and siblings who have a history of heart disease, your risk of experiencing it will be two-fold higher.
- Air pollution. Based on the research, exposure to air pollution is mainly smokevehicles, could increase the risk of developing coronary heart disease.
- Having a problem with an autoimmune disease. Diseases such as arthritis, lupus, other autoimmune diseases and could increase the risk of having a heart attack.
- A history of preeclampsia while pregnant. Women who suffered preeclampsia or high blood pressure while pregnant are more at risk of having a heart attack.
Diagnosis Of Heart Attack
In case of a heart attack or you suspect a heart attack has occurred, on anyone, it immediately to a nearby hospital. The doctor can ensure diagnosis and treatment do as soon as possible. The following are some steps that can be done to determine the diagnosis of against heart attacks.
- Electrocardiography or ECG. This tool serves to measure the electrical activity of the heart. Heart electrical signals when removing the tick, this signal is recorded by ECG machine. The doctor will check the results note a machine to see the function of the heart. In addition to ensure the diagnosis of a heart attack, this procedure can also determine the type of heart attack suffered.
- Blood tests. When a heart is broken or injured tissue, there are some enzymes leaking heart and into the bloodstream. A blood sample will be taken to see if there are enzymes in your blood. This test can also help determine how the response to treatment is done.
- X-ray chest cavity. When the diagnosis of heart attacks has not been determined and there is the possibility of other causes that give rise to symptoms appearing, X-ray on the chest can help clarify. X-rays can also be checked in case of complications from a heart attack, such as a buildup of fluid in the lung or pulmonary edema.
- An Echocardiogram. This is a type of ultrasound scanning procedures to know the location of damage to the heart and its influence on cardiac function.
- Coronary angiography or cardiac catheterization. This technique is useful for determining if there is a blockage or narrowing in the coronary vessels. This procedure can also determine where the location of the blockage and the constriction occurs.Coronary angiography is usually performed before the operation because the results can be used as a reference for the surgeon.
- Cardio CT scan or MRI. Both of these tests can be performed to diagnose heart problems. In addition, this test could spot damage produced due to a heart attack.
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