Dysentery-Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention. Dysentery is an intestinal infection that causes diarrhea accompanied by blood or mucus. Diarrhea is excreting dilute that occur three or more times in 24 hours. In addition to diarrhea, dysentery symptoms which include stomach cramps, nausea, and vomiting.
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| Dysentery-Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prevention |
Symptoms Of Dysentery
Dysentery Due To Amoeba
Dysentery caused by the amoeba (unicellular parasite) called amoeba dysentery or amoebiasis and generally occurs in tropical areas like Indonesia.
Amoeba dysentery sometimes does not cause symptoms. The sufferer will produce cysts (amoeba amoeba-wrapped protective walls) in feces and can infect the people around him.
If present, the symptoms of dysentery amoeba include:
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea containing blood, mucus, or pus
- Abdominal pain
- Bleeding at anus
- Fever and chills
- Loss of appetite and weight loss decreases
Symptoms that usually began 10 days after you are first infected.
Amoeba dysentery sufferers tend to feces contain blood because amoeba invade the colon wall and result in cuts called ulcers or ulcers that can bleed. The process of defecation will also be accompanied by pain.
Sometimes parasites can enter the bloodstream and spread to other organs, especiallythe liver. This can lead to the formation of an abscess of the liver with symptoms as follows:
- Abdominal swelling and pain
- Fever and weakness
- Nausea
- Cough
- Loss of appetite
- Jaundice
- Weight decreased
Amoeba dysentery usually lasts for a few days to a few weeks. Without clinical care, the amoeba can continue to live in the gut for months, even years even though the symptoms no longer exists. This can cause the transmission to other people and recurrence of diarrhea.
Dysentery Bacteria
The most frequent types of dysentery occur is dysentery caused by the bacteriashigella (dysentery Basilar or sigelosis).
Symptoms are typically mild abdominal pain and diarrhea containing blood that usually occurs 1-7 days after infection. These symptoms will last for 3-7 days and most patients do not need to see a doctor.
The disease usually begins with many diarrhea, then the number is declining, but the frequency was increased and sometimes accompanied by pain. In severe cases,symptoms include:
- High fever of about 38 degrees C or more
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea containing blood or mucus
- Stomach cramps
- Abdominal pain is not unbearable
In General, cases of dysentery that can culminate in severe dehydration. Dehydration symptoms need to be controlled especially if dysentery occurred in children. Kids body resistance against dehydration is not as big as an adult. Dehydration in children can lead to death. If you've experienced diarrhea six times or more in a 24-hour period, your child should be brought to a doctor. Dehydration symptoms should look out for is the skin becomes pale, cold hands and feet, rarely urinate than usual, weakened body condition and easy sleepy.
Causes Of Dysentery
Causes of dysentery is divided into two categories, namely, amoeba and bacteria.
Dysentery Due To Amoeba
Amoeba dysentery or amoebiasis is caused by amoeba (unicellular parasite) called Entamoeba histolytica. The disease is usually found in tropical areas like Indonesia.
Amoeba amoeba-that's ready out of the body of the sufferer will be gathered and protected wall coatings. A collection of amoeba was called the cyst and will be out of the body of the sufferer along with feces. The cyst is able to survive outside the human body. If low hygiene standards, for example there is no sewer higenis, amoeba will contaminate the surrounding area, including food and water.
Then other people will be infected with the amoeba if consuming food or water contaminated by fecal matter already containing cysts. Dysentery amoeba most often occurs in areas which make use of human feces as fertilizer.
After going through the mouth, amoeba-amoeba cysts in protected from stomach acid when you sign in to the stomach. From the stomach, the cyst will go down to the gut. Pelapisnya wall then burst and release the amoeba amoeba-that will result ininfection. They can immerse themselves into the wall of the bowel and causes the formation of small abscesses and ulcers (ulcer). The next cycle will be repeated.
Dysentery Bacteria
The bacteria shigella has 4 types of Shigella sonnei, namely, Shigella flexneri Shigellaboydii, Shigella dysenteriae, and (the cause of the most severe dysentery).
Shigella bacteria found in feces can spread due to proper hygiene is not maintained, such as not washing hands after diarrhea. If we touch the objects or body parts are contaminated by bacteria since it touched sufferers who did not wash hands, we can be infected.
If we inadvertently move the bacteria to the mouth, the bacteria will descend into the intestine and invade the cells that line the colon. The bacteria will multiply, kill the cells, and cause the symptoms of dysentery. Dysentery Basilar can remain spread up to four weeks after a person is infected.
Dysentery can also spread through human feces contaminated foods, especially foods that are not cooked until it is cooked or raw (like karedok). This tends to happen if:
- Water supplies are limited and inadequate sewer
- There is poor sanitation
- Using human feces as fertilizer
The time period when a person is exposed to the bacteria to appear symptoms (incubation period) associated with this disease usually is 1-7 days.
Diagnosis Of Bacterial Dysentery
Consult a physician if you experience bloody or mucoid diarrhea that lasts more than a few days. Don't forget to inform the food you consume anything that may cause diarrhea.
Examination Of Stool Samples
The diagnosis is done through sampling inspection of dysentery droppings (feces) to see what is the cause of dysentery amoeba or bacteria in it.
Treatment Of Dysentery
Dysentery usually recover after a few days and usually do not require medical care, but drinking lots of water is very important to replace the fluid is wasted during diarrhea in order to prevent dehydration. Diarrhea can be treated by drinking lots of water, oral rehydration therapy, and eat when you feel nausea.
Drink Plenty Of Fluids
Prevention of dehydration in infants and children is very important. Recommended that you give your child drink water little by little and as often as possible even if they vomit. A little better than not drinking at all. Avoid giving fruit juice or fizzy drinks on your child because it could aggravate diarrhea.
Beware of the symptoms of dehydration in children as follows:
- The skin becomes pale or mottled appearance
- Body condition is getting weak
- Cranky
- Easy sleepy
- Increasingly infrequent urination
- Hands and feet become cold
If your child has experienced severe vomiting or diarrhea six times or more in the last 24 hours, check with your doctor immediately. This is because diarrhea and severe vomiting can lead to dehydration which then could be fatal.
Same is the case with children, an adult should drink plenty of fluids so that is wasted can be replaced and to avoid dehydration. Drink a few sips of water as often as possible.
In cases of severe diarrhea, fluid needs to be provided through an infusion in the hospital.
Oral rehydration therapy
The use of oral rehydration therapy is recommended if:
- Sufferers are prone to dehydration, for example because it is aged 60 or over.
- Sufferers are children who have been or are at risk of experiencing dehydration.
Oral rehydration therapy can usually be bought per pack without prescription and usage have to be reconstituted with water before drinking. Oral rehydration therapy can be useful to replace the salts, glucose, and other important minerals are lost from the body due to dehydration.Oral rehydration therapy is not a cure for diarrhea, but may help treat or prevent dehydration. Avoid using a solution of salt or sugar.The consumption of solid foods
Most health experts argue that you should be eating solid foods as soon as possible. The consumption of snacks with small portions and avoid spicy, fatty foods, and weight.Can't eat it's not going to harm you, but you had to much to drink and eat immediately when you aren't nauseated anymore.Solid feeding in children who experience dehydration should be avoided until they had enough to drink. When dehydration symptoms already diminished, for example they do not fret any longer or more frequent urination, your child may start to consume food as usual.If your child is not dehydrated, you should give regular food for them. If they don't want to eat, continue to give the drink to their appetite back.
Antibiotics from the doctor for Dysentery Basilar
Diarrhea sufferers intermediate to severe levels caused by the bacteria shigella are typically recommended to drink antibiotics to speed up healing time.
On the recommendation of the appropriate types of antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, tends to depend on the durability of antibiotic against germs. Strong durability against germs antibiotics means drugs no longer able to kill bacteria that are supposed to be destroyed.
Doctors don't give antibiotics for mild dysentery due to excessive use of antibiotics to treat minor illnesses would generally lose their effectiveness when used for a serious condition or that could harm people in the future.
Steps Of A Treatment For Dysentery Amoeba
Amoeba dysentery sufferers will be given an antibiotic called metronidazole. The doctor will explain how long you have to drink it (usually about five days). Otherantibiotics may be given doctor is tinidazol.
After you finish drinking an antibiotic, You should have given diloxanide (amoebacysts destruction that drugs have a higher durability). You are encouraged to drink diloxanide for 10 days.
Prevention Of Dysentery
Cleanliness has an important role in the prevention of dysentery. In addition to impacting to the sufferer, the disease is also potentially to spread to surrounding people, especially family members. Therefore we recommend dysentery prevented starting from the first contact until the deployment aspect.
This is a precautionary steps exposed to diarrhea due to contamination factors:
- Always wash your hands with SOAP and warm water as before eating, after holding the raw meat, after using the toilet, and after playing with pets.
- Stay away from foods that clean is not guaranteed.
- Do not drink water from the tap.
- Maintain the cleanliness of your kitchen and bathroom.
- Separate raw foods from mature.
- Consuming foods that are cooked until completely cooked.
- Storing food in the refrigerator and not let food left under exposure to sunlight or room temperature.
- Maintain the cleanliness of your nails especially if you have long fingernails.
If you have dysentery, the following steps will be very useful to prevent its spread in the people around you:
- Always clean the toilets with disinfectant after defecation.
- Always wash your hands before eating or preparing food, including hand washing after toilet.
- If one's House, make sure sufferers with towels or cutlery that is similar to other House members.
- Sufferers should not get out of the House for at least two days after the diarrhea.
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