Lymphoma-Types, Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Staging And Treatment. Lymphoma is a cancer that arises in the lymphatic system that connects the nodes or staining lymph nodes throughout the body. The lymphatic system includes an important part of the human immune system.
White blood cells of lymphocyte in the lymphatic system will help the formation of antibodies the body to fight infection. But if the B lymphocyte cells in the lymphatic system is attacked, the immune system of cancer sufferers will decrease so susceptible to infection.
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| Lymphoma-Types, Symptoms, Causes, Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Staging And Treatment |
Types of Lymphoma
This cancer can be categorized in two types: Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin's.The major difference lies in the type of lymphocyte cells that attacked cancerous and can be known through examination under a microscope by a doctor.
Hodgkin's lymphoma is classified in types if doctors detect any abnormal Reed-Sternberg cells in cancer cells. While Lymphoma without abnormal cells are included in the category of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma is more common than Hodgkin's lymphoma. It is estimated about 8 out of 10 cases of lymphoma is of this type.
The symptoms of Lymphoma
The main symptoms experienced by people with lymphoma is the growing lump.These bumps are not pain and generally appear on the neck, armpit, and groin.
In addition to the bumps, there are some symptoms that may be perceived people with. Indication-an indication that typically include:
- Always feel tired.
- Sweating at night.
- Fever and chills.
- Often have infections or infections that are difficult to heal.
- Itching all over the body.
- Weight loss without a clear reason.
- No appetite.
- Swelling of the abdomen.
- Abdominal pain.
- Cough which failed to heal.
- Respiratory disorders.
- Chest pain.
Make haste to meet a doctor if you feel any of these symptoms. Despite bumps, does not mean you are definitely suffering from Lymphoma, but it is recommended to perform the examination as early as possible.
Causes and Risk factors for Lymphoma
Lymphoma occurs due to changes or mutations in the DNA of cells lymphocytes so that its growth is becoming unmanageable. The causes behind these mutations is not yet known for sure. But there are some things that can increase the risk of someone suspected to be affected by lymphoma. These risk factors include:
- Age. Most occurred in people with Hodgkin's lymphoma aged 15-30 years old and elderly over 55 years. While the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma will increase over the ages, particularly elderly aged over 60 years.
- Hereditary factors. Your risk for lymphoma affected will increase if you have a member of the nuclear family (father, mother, or sibling) who suffer from the same type of cancer.
- Once infected with Epstein-Barr virus or EBV. This virus causes glandular fever. Anyone who has ever suffered glandular fever is more at risk of experiencing a Hodgkin's lymphoma.
- A weak immune system, for example due to contracted HIV or the immuno suppressant drug.
- Gender. Lymphoma more often strikes men compared to women.
The diagnosis and stage of Lymphoma
Ask the symptoms experienced by a patient diagnosis is the first step in all diseases, including lymphoma. Your medical history and a physical examination will also beYour living.
If suspect You have Lymphoma, physicians will recommend several inspection or teststo ensure the diagnosis. The examination includes the following steps:
- Blood and urine tests. Through this step, your doctor will know your overall health condition.
- X-ray, CT, MRI, and PET scans. This examination is used to see the rate of spread oflymphoma.
- Biopsy to take samples of the swollen lymph nodes and bone marrow.
Biopsy, x-rays, CT scans, MRIS, and PET Scans will also help the doctor to determine the stadium as well as the level of progression of lymphoma you suffered. The following is a brief explanation for stadium-stadium in lymphoma.
- Stage 1 – cancer strike one of lymphatic staining.
- Stage 2 – the cancer attacked two groups of staining lymphatic or spread to a single lymph organs around the stain, but confined to the upper body or lower only.
- Stage 3 – the cancer spreads to the lymphatic staining groups at the top and bottom of the diaphragm.
- Stage 4 – the cancer had already spread through the lymphatic system and into the organs or bone marrow.
Lymphoma Treatment Steps
Treatment of lymphoma could not be the same for each person with. The doctor willdetermine the best steps for you based on health conditions, type, and stage oflymphoma you.
Specifically for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, not all of them need medical handling as soon as possible. If Your cancer type includes Gonzo are slow growing, the doctor will probably recommend to wait and see its development first. There is even a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma early stage with small size which can be overcome through theadoption procedures at the time of the biopsy so that the patient does not requirefurther handling.
If Lymphoma you need treatment, the main steps in the handle it is chemotherapy.Chemotherapy can be administered via intravenous drug or drink. The type is given by a doctor depending on the stage of cancer you suffered. This therapy is also sometimes combined with:
- Radiotherapy.
- Steroid drugs.
- Biological therapy, for example the drug rituximab. This drug will attach themselves tothe cancer cells and then stimulates the immune system to attack and kill him.
- A bone marrow transplant. This step is required for patients with lymphoma who undergo bone marrow damage resulting from high-dose chemotherapy.
In addition to the benefits and their effectiveness, these measures also have side effects. Some side effects are potentially sufferer generally include fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting.
In addition, a decline in the immune system, the risk of infertility, the potentialemergence of other cancers is also a side effect of treatment complications. Risk ofother diseases may also be increased, such as heart disease, kidney, diabetes, as wellas cataracts.
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