Ovarian Cancer. Ovarian cancer is a cancer that grows in the ovary or ovaries. The disease is the seventh positions among the types of cancer most commonly strikes women. In 2012, it is estimated there are around 239.000 new ovarian cancer cases are popping up all over the world.
This cancer can her by all women at all ages. But ovarian cancer most often strikes women experiencing menopausal or generally aged 50 years and over.
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Types of ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer can be categorized into three types, namely, the tumour, tumorstromal Epithelial–mesenchymal, germinal cells and tumors. The determination is based on the type of cancer cells which attack cancer.
Epithelial–mesenchymal tumor is a type of ovarian cancer that occurs when cancerous cells invade the tissue that encloses the ovary. About 9 out of 10 cases of ovarian cancer are of this type.
While stromal tumor occurs when cancer cells invade the network containing the hormone-producing cells. This type of cancer, including rare and estimated onlysuffered 7 among 100 people with ovarian cancer.
If cancer cells invade the egg-producing cells, tumor cells is called a germinal. Types of ovarian cancer is more often strike young women.
The symptoms of ovarian cancer
Ovarian cancer include types of diseases that are difficult to identify. At the early stageovarian cancer rarely causes symptoms. If there are any, symptoms tend to be counted due to other illnesses (such as constipation or irritable bowel syndrome) so of ten recently detected when the disease is already spreading in the body.
Therefore, it is important for you to be aware of some of the symptoms commonlyexperienced by people with ovarian cancer. Among these are:
- Swelling of the abdomen.
- Stomach always feels bloated.
- Abdominal pain.
- Weight loss.
- Quickly full.
- Nausea.
- Changes in bowel habits, such as constipation.
- The frequency of urination increases.
- Pain during sex.
Make sure you saw a doctor if feel any of these symptoms, especially those often experienced or failed to improve. Do not regard lightly even though the disease indication feels or looks trivial.
Causes and risk factors of ovarian cancer
Just like cancer in General, the causes of ovarian cancer are not yet known for sure. But experts suspect there are several factors that can increase a woman's risk for developing cancer is. These risk factors include:
- Age. Ovarian cancer tends to occur in women aged 50 years and over.
- Heredity and genetics. Your risk for developing cancer of the ovary will increase if there are family members siblings who suffered from ovarian cancer or breast cancer.So did the owners of the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- Estrogen hormone replacement therapy, especially long-term and high berdosis.
- Suffered from endometriosis.
- Never pregnant.
- Experience a menstrual cycle before age 12 and menopause after age 50 years.
- Through the process of fertility treatment.
- Smoke.
- Using contraceptives IUD.
Ovarian Cancer Diagnosis Process
After asking the symptoms being experienced, family medical history, and perform a physical examination, the doctor will recommend a more detailed examination. The process typically includes an ULTRASOUND, blood tests and biopsies.
The doctor will recommend an ULTRASOUND abdominal and part around the sex organs. This step will help the doctor to examine the shape, size, and structure of Your ovaries.
While the blood test is done to detect the presence of the protein CA 125 in the blood. High levels of CA 125 can indicate ovarian cancer. But this can't be the only benchmark for CA 125 can also increase due to other conditions such as fibroids in the uterus and not all patients with ovarian cancer have high levels of CA 125.
If the diagnosis is positive suggests you have ovarian cancer, the next step is to figure out Your stadium and the development of cancer. This process typically include CT or MRI scans, chest x-rays and a biopsy procedure for taking samples and the abdominal cavity fluid of ovarian tissue.
Knowing the stage of cancer you suffered will help the doctor to determine the best treatment for you. In General, the stage of cancer of the ovary is divided into four categories which include:
- Stage 1: cancer only to attack one or both of the ovaries but has not spread to other organs.
- Stage 2: the cancer has spread from the ovary to the tissues around the pelvis.
- Stage 3: cancer has spread to the abdominal membrane, the surface of the gut, and lymph nodes in the pelvis.
- Stage 4: cancer has spread to other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, liver, and lungs.
The Treatment Of Ovarian Cancer
Each person with ovarian cancer may require a different treatment. This will be determined based on the stage of cancer, health conditions, and your desire to have offspring. The main steps in the treatment of ovarian cancer are surgery and chemotherapy.
Surgical procedure usually involves removal of both ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus,and omentum (fatty tissue in the stomach). This operation can also involve the removal of lymph nodes in the pelvic and abdominal cavity to prevent and find out if there is a spread of the cancer. With uplifted both ovaries and the uterus, likely you are to have children would vanish.
Yet another case with ovarian cancer is detected at an early stage. His patient maybe just undergoing surgical removal of one ovary and fallopian tubes so that it is likely to have offspring can remain there.
After the surgery, the doctor will schedule the process of chemotherapy. This was done to kill the cancer cells that are left. Examples of commonly used drugs are carboplatin which are sometimes combined with paclitaxel. During chemotherapy, your doctor will monitor Your progress on a regular basis in order to ensure the effectiveness of the medication and your body's response to drugs.
Chemotherapy is also sometimes given before surgery on people with advanced stages of ovarian cancer. This step serves to shrink tumors to ease the procedure of adoption.
As with other drugs, the process of chemotherapy also potentially cause side effects.Some of these are not appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, hair loss, and increased risk of infection.
Prognosis For Ovarian Cancer
The more premature ovarian cancer is detected and treated, your chances for survivalwould be increased. Patients who are diagnosed with ovarian cancer are positive is expected to have the possibility to survive for one year about 70-75 percent. There are more than 45 percent of ovarian cancer patients who survive for at least five years and 35 percent over the past 10 years.
People with advanced stage ovarian cancers are generally incurable and purpose of handling is reducing symptoms and encourage tumors to entered a period of remission.
Prevention Of Ovarian Cancer
Because the cause is unknown, prevention of ovarian cancer was not doable for sure.However, there are some things that can decrease your risk of developing cancer, especially methods that could stop the process of ovulation. These steps include:
- Using contraception in pill form. Consumption of contraceptive pills for five years proven can reduce the risk of ovarian cancer by up to half of it.
- Undergo pregnancy and lactation.
- Implement a healthy lifestyle to avoid obesity. For example, regular exercise and have a healthy diet and balanced.
If you have a high risk of ovarian cancer, surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes before cancer can also be done to minimize your risk. This procedure is usuallyrecommended at the age of 35 to 40 years or when you decide not to want to havemore offspring.
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