Pancreatic Cancer. Pancreatic cancer is a disease caused by the growth of a tumor in the pancreas. The pancreas is a large gland that is part of the digestive system and has a length of about 15 cm. Of pancreatic cancer may be experienced by both men and women, and usually occurs in people who are elderly or over 75 years.
The pancreas has an important function for the body because it produces digestive enzymes that Act outlines the food so it can be absorbed by the body. In addition, the pancreas also produces hormones, including insulin, which serves to maintain the stability of blood sugar levels in the body.
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Symptoms Of Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic cancer at an earlier stage usually does not cause symptoms and there fore the diagnosis becomes more difficult to do. The symptoms of pancreatic cancer in advanced stage pancreatic gland parts that are subject to contract because of the pancreas has two types of glandular tissue. The first is the gland that produces digestive enzymes or Exocrine glands called. The second is the gland that produces hormones, or collectively, the endocrine glands.
Exocrine glands are glands most commonly contracted pancreatic cancer with the symptoms generally occur such as jaundice, weight loss, and back pain or abdominal pain.
In addition to some of the symptoms mentioned above, there are several other pancreatic cancer symptoms are as follows:
- Diabetes
- Fever and chills
- The itch
- The blood easily rotate
- Nausea and vomiting
- Digestive disorders
- Changes in the pattern of bowel movements
- Loss of appetite
- Fever
Pancreatic Cancer Causes
Until recently the cause of someone getting cancer of the pancreas is still not known for certain, but there are several risk factors that can increase the chances of developing cancer of the pancreas as follows.
- Diabetes can increase a person's risk of developing cancer of the pancreas. In contrast,a malignant tumor that grows in the pancreas can also be the cause of the occurrence of diabetes.
- The bacterium helicobacter pylori, which causes stomach infection is estimated to beslightly increases the risk of a person developing cancer of the pancreas.
- Smoking can increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer due to toxic andharmful chemical substances can cause tissue and organ in the body is experiencingirritation and inflammation.
- Aged over 75 years.
- People who are not doing a lot of physical activity, has an overweight or obese, and it doesn't get used to a healthy diet.
- Never suffer from inflammation of the pancreas or pancreatitis.
- Having a close family member who is suffering from pancreatic cancer.
In addition to the risk factors as mentioned above, there are also other risk factors that can increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, a lot of people who are consuming excessive alcohol and chronic hepatitis sufferers.
Diagnosis Of Pancreatic Cancer
Diagnosis of pancreatic cancer at an early stage it is difficult to do because it of tendoes not cause symptoms in sufferers. Physical examination to check for pancreatic cancer is difficult to do because of the layout of the pancreas is quite hidden in the body and is surrounded by part of the intestine.
The following are some of the tests that may be done to diagnose pancreatic cancer:
- Imaging tests of the organs in the body, such as ultrasound, CT scans, MRIS, and PET scans. In addition, the endoluminal ultrasonography (EUS) can also be made if a CT scan or an MRI scan that was done is still less clear. An endoscope or small camera will be inserted through the mouth into the stomach to photograph the condition of the pancreas.
- Laparoscopic or Keyhole ' surgery ' in the abdominal area to include a small microscope called with laparoskop, to view the organs in the abdominal cavity and pelvis.
- Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is almost the same with the EUS, i.e. the process of inserting an endoscope through the mouth and into the stomach. But in the process of an endoscope ERCP is used to inject a special dye into the bile and pancreatic ducts in order to know the existence of a tumor clogging. The test is done if a person is suffering from jaundice.
- The process of sampling biopsy or suspected tumor cells for examination under a microscope. A small tool that is attached to an endoscope may be used to biopsyduring laparoscopy, ERCP procedure or EUS.
Stages of cancer is divided into four stages or commonly known with the stadium. The doctor will classify the stage of cancer based on the diagnosis has been made. Below is the classification of pancreatic cancer: stages
- If the cancer is only found in the pancreas and has not spread to other parts, called by the stadium I.
- If the cancer has spread to tissues and organs near the pancreas, or may have been infecting the lymph glands, called the stadium II.
- If the cancer has spread to the major blood vessels around the pancreas and may have infected lymph nodes, called stage III.
- If the cancer has spread widely to other organs such as the lungs, liver, and the peritoneum membrane lining the abdominal cavity, called stage IV.
Pancreatic Cancer Treatment
Treatment of pancreatic cancer in each patient vary because there are several factors that determine the type of treatment that is performed as follows:
- Part of the pancreas which contracted cancer.
- Wide spread of cancer or the stadium suffered.
- The age of the patient.
- The patient's overall health.
- Options or preferences of the patient care.
Care on pancreatic cancer patients aims to remove tumors and other cancerous cellsin the body. But if it is not possible to do, then the doctor will do a treatment that aims to prevent the tumour grows bigger because it could lead to the emergence offurther danger. In addition, treatments that do useful for relieving symptoms being experienced, and make the patient can feel comfortable.
Cancer treatment or healing process will be much more difficult if the tumors that arise in the body are large or has spread. Discuss with your doctor and family members to choose the kind of care that corresponds to the condition you are experiencing. The following are some of the types of treatments that can be done to tackle pancreatic cancer.
Operation
Types of treatments of pancreatic cancer the most done is to perform the operation because it could treat cancer of the pancreas to heal completely. But not all sufferersof pancreatic cancer can do surgery, only 1 in 5 patients who are suitable to perform the surgical removal of the tumor.
There are several factors that can determine the success of the surgical removal of the tumor, among other things:
- The tumor has not spread to other parts of the body.
- The tumor doesn't grow around the important blood vessels.
- The patient has a good overall health.
The following are some surgical procedure that can be done to tackle pancreatic cancer:
- The most widely performed surgery is surgery Whipple, namely to lift the head of the pancreas. In this operation, the doctor may also be raised in the first part of the small intestine, the gallbladder, part of the bile duct, and sometimes a portion of the stomach. About 30 percent of patients who had done the surgery Whipple require drug enzymes to help digest food. This surgery has a recovery time that is faster than surgical removal of the pancreas.
- Total pancreatectomy operation to lift the entire pancreas. In addition, this operational so raised the organ spleen, bile duct, a portion of the small intestine, the gallbladder,the lymph nodes around the pancreas, and sometimes a portion of the stomach.Patients who have done this operation need to be consuming enzymes to help digest food. The appointment of a functioning pancreas organ produces insulin will makepatients suffering from diabetes, too. In addition, patients should be taking the antibiotic penicillin for life and routine vaccinations to prevent infections and blood clotting due to adoption of the organ spleen.
- Distal pancreatectomy operation to raise parts of the body and tail of the pancreas butlet the head of the pancreas. This operation also raised the portion of the stomach, part of the colon, the left kidney, adrenal glands, and the left side of the diaphragm the left part will also be lifted.
- If it can't be cured, surgery to relieve the symptoms and make the patient more comfortable can be done. This operation using the ERCP to place the stent or tube opening in the bile ducts to prevent the buildup of bilirubin elements that cause jaundice. Operation bypass that block the bile ducts can be made if the use of a stent is no match for the patient. Blocked bile ducts will cut the upper part and connected back to the intestine in order to dissipate the liquid bile.
Postoperative pancreatic cancer recovery process must be considered because it requires a long time. The following are some of the things that should be noted in the process of recovery is postoperative pancreatic cancer:
- Make sure the appropriate pain relief and cure in postoperative period is sufficient for dosage.
- The patient cannot eat or drink immediately after having surgery because of gastrointestinal tract such as the intestines need time to recover.
- Before patients can eat and drink in a more regular basis, the patient will SIP liquidsslowly.
- A series of chemotherapy for six months is usually recommended after surgery. This is a great opportunity for badly healing patients.
Chemotherapy
To destroy a malignant cancer cells in the body or prevent its growth, the patient can do chemotherapy with anticancer drugs. Chemotherapy can be done before or after surgery, or if the operation can not be done. Chemotherapy drugs have two forms, that is consumed directly and provided through an infusion.
Chemotherapy has a lot of side effects because it can attack cells that are healthy andnormal. Side effects can occur, such as canker sores, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting. In addition, chemotherapy can also increase the risk of developing an infection. The side effects experienced by patients as result of doing chemotherapy usually only temporary and will subside once the treatment was completed.
The risk of developing side effects will be increased if the patient underwent chemotherapy treatment combinations, but this can magnify the possibility to control or minimize the cancer suffered.
Radiotherapy
To help minimize the tumor and relieve the pain suffered, the patient can do cancer therapy using beams of high energy radiation is called radiotherapy. For patients who could not perform the operation to cope with cancer, the doctor will usually recommend to do a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy treatment.
However, this therapy has some side effects, such as loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, fatigue, diarrhea, and skin rashes. The side effects experienced by patients due to conduct radiotherapy is usually only temporary and will subside once the treatment was completed.
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