Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Autism

Bagikan di Facebook

Bagikan di Twitter

Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Autism. Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder that affects social interaction, communication, and behavior. ASD include Asperger's syndrome and autism in childhood.

Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Autism

Based on data from the Central Bureau of statistics, it is estimated there are about 2.4 million people have disabilities autism in Indonesia in 2010. The population of Indonesia at that time reached 237,5 million, meaning there is about one person for every 100 persons with autism in babies born.

Although autism cannot be cured, there are different kinds of handling and treatment measures that could help people with autism. Therefore, it is important for us to be aware of the symptoms as early as possible.

Symptoms Of Autism

The appearance of the symptoms of autism in each family vary greatly so that the severity is difficult. Knowledge of indications and symptoms of autism, including Asperger's syndrome about dealing with the stages of child development, it is very useful for parents. Here are some common symptoms that may help you to be more alert.

Symptoms in social communication and Interaction

• The development of the talk are slow (e.g. don't speak more than 10 words when he was two years) or equally couldn't talk.
• Never reveal his emotions
• Not sensitive to the feelings of others.
• Not responding when his name was called, even though the sense of hearing is normal.
• Unwilling to indulge or cuddle up with a parent or sibling.
• Tend to avoid eye contact.
• Rarely using body language and facial expressions when communicating.
• Could not start the conversation, continued the chat, or just talk when asking for something.
• An unusual tone, for example flat like a robot.
• Often repeat words and phrases, but cannot use it properly.
• Tend to look not understand simple instructions or questions.
• Do not understand the social interaction that is common, for example, how to say hello.

Symptoms In Behavior Patterns

• Have the disorders in the pattern of movement, e.g. always on tip toes.
• Prefer familiar routines and get upset if there is a change.
• Don't be silent.
• Doing repetitive motions, such as a flick of the hand, swinging the body forward and back, or the snap of a finger.
• How to play the repetitive and not imaginative, for example compose beam based on size or color rather than building something different.
• Only like certain foods, such as choosing foods based on texture or color.
• Very fixated on a specific topic or activity with the intensity of focus.
• Tend to be sensitive to light, touch, or sound, but does not respond to pain.

Other disorders and autism

Persons with autism generally also have symptoms or influence from other disorders, such as hyperactivity (ADHD), epilepsy, Tourette Syndrome, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), depression, anxiety disorders, learning disorders, and bipolar disorder.

Each of these disorders may require handling separately, such as drugs or cognitive behavioral therapy.

The Cause Of Autism

Autism without a cause factor base or primer is a type of autism autism is the most common. The number is expected to reach 90 per cent of all persons with autism.

In certain cases, autism may also be caused by a disease or environmental factors.These secondary autism is rare and only experienced about 10 percent of people with autism.

There are several genetic and environmental factors that predicted could trigger autism, but the exact cause is not yet known. There are also some things that are thought to cause autism, but it is not proven,namely:

• Compound thiomersal containing mercury (used as a preservative for some vaccines).
• Vaccines for measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR).
• Eating patterns, such as consuming a gluten or dairy products.
• Parenting children.

In addition, there are several categories that can be used to classify factors trigger autism risk, include:

Hereditary Factors In Autism

Mutations of specific genes can increase the risk of autism in children. There is a particular descendant genes that are believed to be able to make children more susceptible to autism.

If there are parents with autistic children, they are believed to have a higher likelihood to have a child who suffered from autism again. Whereas if one of the twins had severe autism, possibly his twin brother suffered from the same disorder as well.

The influence of early in the Womb

A child may be exposed to certain environmental factors during your stay in the womb. Some researchers express the theory that children are born susceptible to autism will only positively contracted autism if certain triggers from being exposed to environmental factors, among others:

• Premature birth.
• Being exposed to alcohol or drugs, for example sodium valproate are sometimes used to treat epilepsy, while in the womb.

Influence Factors Of Neurological

Specific disorders in the nervous system and brain development can also be influential. According to medical research and the theory of brain mapping study of persons with autism, the connection between parts of the brain may experience the disorder or become hypersensitive.

A chaotic or connection that resulted in the hypersensitive persons with autism suddenly feel excessive emotional responses while viewing objects or trivial events.Maybe this is the reason the people with autism love routine and very upset if there is a change. Routine gave them the patterns of behavior that does not provoke an emotional response.

The Influence Of Psychological Factors In Autism

One of the risk factors that are estimated to affect the symptoms of people withautism are their differences in mindset. A concept known as ' theory of mind ' (theory of mind) became the basis in a variety of studies that explore the possibilities of influence psychological factors against autism. This theory expose about a person's ability to understand the other person's psychiatric condition and realize that each individual has desires, beliefs, emotions, and desires of each.

Children who are normally considered already understood the theory of mind when he was about four years old. While children with autism have a limited or no understanding at all of the theories of the mind. This limitation may be at the root of their problems in social interaction as well as being the reason of psychological symptoms in autism.

The Influence Of The Age Of The Mother

The risk of the child having autism is estimated to be increased if the mother underwent a period of pregnancy and giving birth at an older age (especially, over 35 years).

The Diagnosis Of Autism

Most of the parents are aware of the symptoms of autism when their children were aged 2-3 years, but some are not detected until adult sufferer.

Step of the Diagnosis of autism in children

If you are worried about Your child's development,make sure you consult a doctor. If doctors suspect symptoms of autism, You will usually be referred to specialists for further diagnosis like a psychologist, psychiatrist,pediatrician, and speech therapist.

There is no specific medical examination which can be used to confirm autism. This disorder is usually diagnosed based on symptoms shown by the child.

The general physical examination was performed to remove the possibility of other diseases and a host of questions about the development, health, and information about the child's behavior will usually be collected from the parties concerned. For example, physicians and staff of child care or school.

Complementary examinations will also be conducted if the doctor feels it is necessary.The child will usually be asked to follow a number of activities in order to of ability and its activities can be observed and examined in particular. Focused examination covers the ability to talk, behavior, mindset, and interaction with others. In addition, the specialist will ask a family health history and development of the child in detail in the elderly.

But the results of this examination are not necessarily able to diagnose autism. If the specialists are not able to confirm a diagnosis of autism even though the examination is finished, your child may be advised to undergo re-examination when he was older and the more visible symptoms of autism.

The diagnosis will give clear picture behind the attitude and personality of your child.The reaction of the public perceived the first time parents heard that their children suffered autism disorders is shocked and can't believe because fretting over the future of the child.

But this process will also provide an opportunity so that you can guide their growthand development. You can find as much information as possible about autism and the Autistic community care handling via Indonesia (MPATI), Indonesia Autism a Foundation, and the International Center for Special Care in Education (ICSCE).

Step Of The Diagnosis Of Autism In Adults

Many people are aware of the symptoms of autism when they are grown. They tend to be afraid to diagnosed because it feels will be ostracized and belittled. But the actual steps of diagnosis of autism as adults can help the disabled and families to understand the disorder and decided the right kind of help.

Contact your doctor if you feel you have the symptoms of autism. You can also ask fora referral to a psychiatrist or psychologist in order to undergo further examination.

The Treatment Of Autism

Although autism cannot be cured, there are many educational support services and specific behavioral therapy can improve the ability of persons with autism. But help for autism has many types and families usually hard-pressed to choose which help match because the effect would be different in each family. Handling of autism also requires a time commitment, emotional, and financial.

Program handling of autism (often called interventions) usually involve the specialists, such as a pediatrician, psychologist, psychiatrist, speech therapists, and occupational therapists.

Important aspects in the development of the child should be the focus in each help is the ability to communicate, ability to interact, cognitive ability (for example, playing creatively), and academic ability.

The Intervention Of Social Interaction

This type of aid is aimed at helping people with autism children to communicate and interact so that they are more adaptable. This early intervention may also be held at the school or with parents and teachers.

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)

ABA (Applied Behavior Analysis) divide capability (e.g., cognitive and communication skills) become simple tasks that are taught are structured as well as giving gifts or compliments to encourage good behavior. The ABA is usually done at home, but there are certain programs that sometimes can be applied at school or daycare.

Simple tasks that were increasingly complex in this type of therapy is widely used in Indonesia this may help the development of the child by increasing ability gradually.But there are some alarming intensity and experts doubted the usefulness of the developed capabilities outside of therapy.

Treatment and Education of Autistic and Related Communication Handicapped Children (TEACCH)

There are studies that show that children with autism often showed a better response to the information provided visually. Because that's the TEACCH system prioritizes the structured learning using visual communication.

Instruction and Training for parents

The role of parents of children with disabilities autism is very important. Active participation of elderly people will support and help improve the ability of the child.

Looking for as much information as possible about autism as well as handling is highly recommended for parents. You can find out more through the Autistic community care Indonesia (MPATI), Indonesia Autisma Foundation, and the International Center for Special Care in Education (ICSCE).

Help your child to communicate can reduce anxiety and improve his behavior because communication is specific barriers for children with autism. Tips may be useful:

• Use simple words.
• Always call child's name when asked her to talk.
• Make use of body language in order to clarify Your intent.
• Speak slowly and clearly.
• Give Your child time to process your words.
• Do not talk while the noisy around you.

Improving Communication Skills

There are several responses are usually recommended to overcome communication disorders experienced by your child, namely:

Help Psychology therapy

Handling psychologically can be recommended to help treatment if your child suffers from autism and psychiatric problems, such as anxiety disorders. An example of this type of treatment is cognitive behaviour therapy or Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).

Psychological therapy is generally done with met the psychologist to tell her feelings as well as its effects on behaviour and welfare. Therefore the specialists involved had to adjust the method of therapy with limited owned by persons with autism. For example, information in the form of writings or visual and using simple language.

Speech therapy

Almost all children with autism have trouble talking. This therapy give priority to training to enhance the capability of talking so children are able to interact with other people.

Occupational therapist will use a number of techniques such as visual aids, toy story, and to improve communication skills.

Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS)

PECS therapist will use the images to help children with autism. The way this image was chosen because it is more effective to communicate for some persons with autism in children.

In the early stages, children will be taught the ways of communication as simple as give picture cards to communicate with adults. Then the therapist will teach the skills that are more difficult, for example, using picture cards to form sentences. This process aims to let children learn start communication without being asked.

Makaton communication method

Makaton is a method of communication using sign language and symbols to helppeople with autism to communicate. This method is designed to assist verbal communication. Therefore, sign language and symbols are usually used in conjunction with the words so that the meaning can be understood.

Each movement of the sign language Makaton symbols each in the form of a simpleimage. The symbol can also be used without sign language. Makaton is very flexible because it can be used according to the needs of each wearer. For example for:

• Expressing thoughts, choices, and emotions.
• Marking objects, pictures, photos, and place.
• Play and sing.
• Write a shopping list, recipes, letters, and messages.
• Help show the way or building.

Most people with autism who initially using Makaton gradually will stop naturally and resorting to verbal communication ability along with the development of the ability to talk to them.

In addition to basic communication skills in some people with autism, Makaton can also help the process of their social interaction.

The use of drugs

Although not able to cure autism, medications may be given the correspondingspecialist to control certain symptoms. But your children are usually advised to undergo re-examination after drink it for a few weeks because the drugs have significant side effects. Some types of drugs commonly given is:

• Depression can be overcome by the kind of selective serotonin-releasing drug inhibitor (SSRI).
• Sleeplessness that can be addressed with medications such as melaton in.
• Hyperactive which can be addressed with medication such as methylphenidate.
• Epilepsy can be overcome by the kind of medicine called anticonvulsants.
• Aggressive behavior and harm, like rampage or hurting yourself. If severe or handling psychologically not influential, this disorder may be overcome with the anti-psychotic drug.

Treatment methods Should be avoided

There are a number of alternative treatment methods are thought to be potentially to address autism, but their effectiveness has not been proven at all and there is even the possibility of some of them dangerous. The following are some of the methods of alternative medicine that should be avoided:

• A special diet, such as casein or gluten free food.
• Neurofeedback therapy. Brain activity is usually monitored through electrodes placed on the head. Patients can see their brain waves through the screen and was taughthow to change it.
• Chelation therapy that uses drugs or other substances to remove metal substances, particularly mercury, from the body.
• Hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Treatment with oxygen in a high-pressure air space.

Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis And Treatment Of Autism